Blind dates / The Project
The project Blind dates. (Monolinguism, Parallel lines and contact zones) is my response to an invitation to exhibit in a group show that will be taking place in November 2008 at the Gezira Art Gallery. My contribution to the show consists of locating a site (this site) through movements and displacements that have been made towards and within Egypt, at specific moments of time, trying to approach the subject of cultural exchanges, cultural blindness and cultural influences at a specific site. As I have never been to the site before, neither I will have the possibility to travel to Cairo before the setting up of the installation for the show, I have decided to consider this a blind date, an imaginary voyage from a distance towards a specific destination that can not be fully reached. From a multiple perspective and starting out from several, different departure points I have chosen to ‘walk on beaten tracks’, based on the travel accounts and experiences of others who ‘have already been there’, tracing and (re)drawing lines through natural and social landscapes of other times and the other places. The route can not (and does not want to) be foreseen, neither it should be conclusive or pretend to reach a final destination, but ideally it will open up new roads and places of reflection, building up a net of encounters and conversations in and across the exhibition space.
Blind dates. (Monolinguism, Parallel lines and contact zones) is an installation which comes in parts. 1st part. Parelolinguism. (No contact in the contact zones?) A short introduction to the concept. The subject of the installation derives from my readings of (and on) travel narratives of western (mainly European women), their ways of approaching or keeping distance from cultural differences. Regarding the early travel accounts of women writers from the 19th century, which contributed to a different –in comparison with contemporary male travellers writings- but yet imperialistic discourse. This subject is obviously not a new one, but I think it is my emphasis on the fact that Arab women almost never appear in any of the narratives of early women travellers. While male writers and artists have developed a particular interest in representing an ‘imaginary’ Orient, stressing an exotic female representation, Egyptian, and Arab women in general, are mostly absent from the accounts of women writers of the period. I am not trying to make a judgement, rather I am interested in the possible reasons of what, to my contemporary eyes, does very much look like ‘cultural blindness’. The absence of the ‘other women’ is particularly ‘fascinating’ in a somewhat negative sense if we take in account the fact that almost all of those female western travellers where seen in their places of origin as pioneers at their best and as excentric, foolish and inadapted at their worst. In any case, they were women who, through their journeys, tried to escape from oppressive social rules and to find alternative ways of self development and freedom. Starting out with those issues, many questions have been aroused. Why did those women, while trying to overcome the repressive atmosphere in which women lived at home, on the other hand show no interest in how the ‘female other’ dealt with social circumstances abroad? Was the distance they showed towards their own gender part of the strive for liberation, in the same way as it was a development or a reproduction of male behaviour? Was their representing of the host country through its reduction to nature the result of their freeing themselves from living within any kind of social network? And, on the other hand, where and who were those ‘other’ women who are not present in the orientalising male representations? What was and what is the representation of Muslim/Arab/Egyptian women like nowadays? Finally I am interested in extending these issues to my own struggles of dealing with cultural differences. How do I work in and towards a place that I only know better from clichés and somewhat topical references? Am I free of prejudice? Do I travel without the heavy luggage of culturally conditioned ways of seeing and doing? Are non-representation, over-representation, mis-representation and induced absence something that occurs to me?
The installation itself.
In an attempt to answer some of the issues exposed above, I have designed a sound installation where western and Egyptian women of different times and backgrounds meet in a fictional contact zone, speaking simultaneously in such a way that their monologues interweave.
The first and most intrinsically material part of the project is a sound installation, consisting of 4 boxes containing sound sources that each travel on a separate rack along the walls, crossing from time to time, so that the monologues become a sort of overlapping dialogues for a few seconds. Each source corresponds to particular voices (4 each), with a total of 16 voices participating on parallel lines, showing a fictional contact zone of cultural exchange. The voices in this multilayered ‘text’ come different past and contemporary sources:
A. Many are taken from ancient and contemporary books such as from Lucie Duff Gordon (letters from Egypt, 1865), Amelia Edwards (A thousand miles upon the Nile, 1877), Florence Nightingale (Letters from Egypt,1854), Harriet Martineau (Deerbrook, 1839), Joan Rees (Writings on the Nile, 1995), Marie Louise Pratt (Imperial eyes, 1992), Ulrike Stamm (The role of nature in two women´s travel accounts, 1994), Fatema Mernissi (el Harén en Occidente, 2000); Shaarawi, Huda (Harem Years: The Memoirs of an Egyptian Feminist, 1879-1924), etc.
B. Others come from Egyptian Internet sources, discussing the subject of Arab women representations and western/oriental feminism.
C. Further sources come from the exchange of thoughts and information obtained through your cooperation, as shown in the description of the 2nd part below.
2nd part. Egyptian thread (Interweaving) As an extension of the sound installation, I am already involved in a work in progress which is aimed at involving other women in the exchange of thoughts and visions on this subject. In this context, I am using old postcards, printed in Egypt and sent to several destinations in Europe and other Continents. The majority of the postcards is from around 1900 and show Egyptian woman of the period. Most of the women are wearing traditional dresses, whilst some are nude and many are carrying water jugs. I suppose that they show the taste of their time (who’s taste?). I am sending these postcards, asking artists and writers to reflect upon the image, on the content or on the year they have been posted. Additionally, I will send a separate postcard containing a question, an excerpt from one of the sources I am using in the 1st part or a statement from some of my writings ….Both postcards should be returned with a response (therefore a third postcard will be provided). Any type of response provided will be welcomed (images, a text, new questions)…
3rd Part. Towards a destination. This part derives from my own struggle to approach a place, a situation, showing the many roads I am walking without being ever able to reach the final destination. This means that I need to show in the exhibition the whole process that has taken place before the exhibition, making clear that the ‘final result’ is nothing more than a provisional ending of an ongoing reflection. In this part, which is accumulative, I will show photographs, drawings and texts that have been produced in my studio and at the University over a period of six months working towards the exhibition. 4. At the site. Through other (s´) eyes. Once I am ‘physically’ at the destination, I would like to carry out a photographic shoot together with Egypt women and ask them to represent themselves, either by giving them the camera or by asking them to choose the situation (location, perspective, light, clothes, etc) themselves. Those portraits will be used together with the previous material at the next show which will be taking place in Alicante, Spain.
viernes, 18 de julio de 2008
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First thread/first contributions...
Primer hilo/primeras contribuciones
Reflections on the veil (sketches).
Capi Corrales Rodrigáñez.
Encinillas, July 12th, 2008
On April 10th, 2008, the Spanish newspaper El País published an unexpected cartoon by El Roto. It was unexpected not for being an unknown reflection, but for being one hardly found in the European press. The first time I read this accurate description was in one of the books written by the Egyptian doctor Nawal El-Sadawi, I don’t remember which one of them.
The 10th Women’s Worlds (International Interdisciplinary Congress on Women) took place in 2008 in the Universidad Complutense of Madrid. In the their respective conference papers, both Nawal El-Saadawi and her husband, the Egyptian doctor Sherif Hetata, analysed the meaning of the veil as a symbol. They both tackled the task from different frameworks with equal honesty and clarity.
Today the veil has become a symbol. It is neither a right nor a mere garment. It is a symbol, one among others, of the true veil that, as a result of injustice, poverty and sexism, covers so many women and not so few men on the planet: the veil on reason.
In 2002 in San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Madrid), a school run by nuns belonging to the Concepcionist Order denied access to the student Fátima Elidrisi for covering her head with a hijab. The little girl´s father, accompanied by his son, explained very confidently before the cameras that his daughter wore a hijab due to religious reasons, like the Concepcionist nuns covered their hair and dressed with long habit. None of the journalists present observed that the girl’s brother wore the uniform of Real Madrid. Probably the veil covered their reason.
The veil on reason covers the heads of women, thus transforming them in a mere bodies. Only two things can be done to a body: to dress it and to undress it. In Egypt they get dressed. In Spain they get undressed. Burka, hijab, negab, shayla, chador, … plastic surgery, slimming diets, navels exposed to winter in the streets, applying and removing different gadgets in order to look younger, increasingly younger girls dressed like little prostitutes selling their bodies… Spain is the country with more brothels in Europe. Undeniable evidence shows that, except for its 5%, prostitution is a result of slavery and/or exploitation. Despite the evidence, Spanish men continue to defend prostitution and to use whores and their partners look the other way.
Why so many Muslim women say they wear the veil because they want to? For the same reason that so many Christian, Jewish, agnostic or atheist women want to go to their plastic surgeon, they want to balance their half-naked bodies on the highest heels, thus destroying their backs and kidneys yet continue doing so. It is for the same reason that these same women train their own daughters from their teenage years to (un)dress for the meat market, however good their marks may be in school,… Because these women, theirs sisters, their cousins, their mothers, their aunties, this going back generations, have lived covered by the veil on reason. And the veil on reason, apart from leading us to show ourselves as a mere body, whether it is covering it or uncovering it, prevents us to see with the eyes of reason. When the eyes of reason do not see, what is it that our heart holds?
Reflexiones sobre el velo (rápidos bocetos). Capi Corrales Rodrigáñez. Encinillas, 12 de julio de 2008 El 10 de abril de 2008 el diario español El País publicaba una inesperada viñeta de El Roto. Inesperada por que no es reflexión que se pueda encontrar fácilmente en la prensa europea, no por desconocida. La primera vez que leí esta certera descripción fue en uno de los libros de la médico egipcia Nawal El-Saadawi, no recuerdo exactamente cual. Durante el 10o congreso interdisciplinar sobre las mujeres, MUNDOS DE MUJERES/ WOMEN'S WORLDS 2008, celebrado en el campus de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Nawal El-Saadawi y su marido y también médico egipcio, Sherif Hetata, en sus respectivas ponencias, desde marcos distintos y con la misma honestidad y claridad, analizaron, el significado del símbolo del velo. Porque el velo es hoy, ya, un símbolo. No es un derecho, no es un atuendo sin más. Es un símbolo —uno más entre varios— del verdadero velo que, fruto de la injusticia, la pobreza y el machismo, cubre a tantísimas mujeres y no pocos hombres sobre el planeta: el velo de la razón. En 2002, en San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Madrid), un colegio de monjas concepcionistas negaba la entrada a la niña Fátima Elidrisi por llevar el hiyab cubriéndole la cabeza. El padre de la niña, acompañado tan sólo por su hijo varón, explicó ante las cámaras con soltura que su hija vestía así por razones religiosas, como las monjas concepcionistas vestían con cofia y hábito largo. Lo que ningún periodista comentó, probablemente porque el velo que cubría su razón se lo impedía ver, es que el niño iba vestido del Real Madrid. El velo de la razón cubre la cabez de la mujer, convirtiéndola en mero cuerpo. Y con un cuerpo sólo se pueden hacer dos cosas: vestirlo y desvestirlo. En Egipto se les viste, en España se les desviste. Burka, hiyab, negab, shayla, chador,... cirugía estética, mostrar el ombligo por la calle en invierno, dietas de adelgazamiento, quitarse y ponerse artilugios para parecer más jóvenes, vestir a las niñas, cada vez desde más chicas, como pequeñas prostitutas que venden su cuerpo,... (España es el país europeo con mayor número de prostíbulos, y, pese a las irrefutables evidencias de que, salvo en menos de un 5%, la prostitución es fruto de esclavitud y/o explotación, los hombres españoles siguen defendiendo la prostitución y yendo de putas, y sus mujeres mirando para otro lado. ¿Por qué tantas mujeres musulmanas afirman llevar el velo por que quieren? Por la misma razón que tantas mujeres cristianas, judías, agnósticas o ateas van porque quieren al cirujano plástico, llevan, por que quieren medio cuerpo desnudo sobre enormes tacones destrozando simultáneamente sus espaldas y riñones y siguen y entrenando a sus propias hijas desde adolescentes a (des)vestirse como carne en venta por muy buenas notas que saquen en el colegio,... Porque ellas, sus hermanas, sus primas, sus madres, sus tías,... desde hace generaciones, han vivido cubiertas por el velo de la razón. Y el velo de la razón, además llevarnos a mostrarnos como mero cuerpo, ya sea tapándonos o destapándonos, nos impide ver con los ojos de la razón. Y cuando los ojos de la razón no ven,... ¿qué sostiene nuestro corazón?.
Dear A,
I read carefully your matter and the considerations about the veil, fundamental (obrigatory)element of the Islamic feminine acessoire. In fact,it includes also the kerchief,as to cover the hairs, which also cannot be seen by others (only the husband)after the woman gets married. The hair,the Lips,the mouth , the body , sex disturb their religious attitude. In all semitic religions there are the same tabus . As the arabs after loosing their conquers in the Peninsula Iberica went back to Arabia Saudita ,Iran, Iraque,etc and kept their medieval system up to now. With the enrichment of those nations,the contrasts bring new confrontations .In fact if they could they would islamize the whole Europe as the Americas. Against the Western Culture .This can happen, through wars as it is already going on. The news about a larger number of Islamic women adopting the veil , imposed or not(because when you are a child living in this ambient, of so dogmatic
principles, you must find not only natural,but necessary to preserve, to belong to that culture. )If I was an antropologist,maybe it could be a matter for me on comparing the culture of our naked women(and men)Indians with the veiled ones.
Abraços
A.B.G
querida a., my first missive to you and i will cc to barbera, capi y
shcirin x x x n (enjoy)
http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=E2Dab4agZDQ
Re: Cairo/anja_
From: Barbara Campbell (barbara@1001.net.au)
Sent: Sat 7/26/08 8:30 AM
To: Anja Krakowski (anyamale@hotmail.com)
Hi Anja
The blog is a good idea. You might want to have a look at this site:
http://www.tate.org.uk/modern/exhibitions/ninescripts/default.shtm
that relates to an exhibition at the Tate at the moment. Sorry I can't see it but the video clips on the website and the descriptions that go with each "script" give a pretty good overview. The script that might be most relevant to you is:
Script: Correspondent: But you have to tell it in a way that doesn’t lose you your credibility.
Correspondents: Abderrahim Foukara, Correspondent, Al Jazeera, New York City, January 8, 2007; Raghida Dergham, Columnist / Senior Diplomatic Correspondent, Al Hayat (London), New York City, January 13, 2007
Running Time: 19 minutes 6 seconds
In interviews, foreign correspondents based in New York discuss the ways in which they mediate information, the challenges of reporting from America for foreign audiences, and the difficulty of removing or suppressing personal feelings from their coverage of events.
I love the spare aesthetics of the project. Very smart writing and construction too.
cheers
Barbara (your erstwhile Sydney correspondent).
Los símbolos religiosos islámicos están cargados con una gran cantidad de significados, que en los medios de comunicación se van perdiendo y modificando, mezclándose con otros aspectos de la cultura islámica, tan difícil de entender de nuestro punto de vista occidental. Como la religión y la ideología islámicas están muy cerca, se nos escapa la frontera entre ellas y no sabiendo separar varios niveles, solemos ver los símbolos religiosos más bien como símbolos del fundamentalismo.
La visión europocentrista no sabe aceptar un rechazo de nuestro sistema de valores: en las democracias occidentales, donde la igualdad de los sexos es una de las cuestiones claves, si se trata del velo, nosotros lo hacemos un símbolo de la opresión de la mujer. Así lo veo yo también, pero querría alejarme un poco de esta postura e intentar de mostrar el velo en otro contexto.
En la cultura oriental el hecho de cubrirse el cuerpo es ante todo un signo del respeto y el servicio ante Dios. Pero me interesa más su aspecto de ser un signo de la identidad musulmana. Y querría subrayar la palabra “identidad”, que al igual que la “unidad” me parece muy contradictoria: a la vez es lo todo, lo conforme, así como lo personal, lo individual. Pero esas palabras son contradictorias solamente en nuestra cultura. Me parece que en el mundo oriental el individualismo de las identidades se borra para formar una unidad, cuyo símbolo son las vestimentas uniformizadas.
Al vestirse igual, se pierde la imagen propia y me parece que es aquí, donde para los europeos empieza el problema del velo. En nuestra cultura, la imagen parece ser lo que más importa. Intentamos trasladar las personalidades a través de la vestimenta, ilusionados que así se muestra nuestra gran virtud: la individualidad.
Yo veo la ropa como algo que te cubre no sólo literalmente, dejando de verse al cuerpo, sino que también es lo que te separa del mundo, haciéndote mostrar sólo unas máscaras. Poniéndote una cierta ropa, te pones una capa y así acabas de crear tu imagen tú mismo, sino que él empieza a crearte a tí; ya no te refleja, sino que te forma – en la mirada de los otros y en tu propio comportamiento.
De esta manera el velo no sólo crea una imagen uniformizada de la mujer musulmana, dejando detrás su individualidad, sino que esa imagen la tomamos a la vez como una no-imagen, un símbolo de la no-existencia e insignificancia. Una persona cubierta casi totalmente se borra detrás del velo y se vuelve invisible también en un aspecto social. Creo que es por eso que hacemos el velo un símbolo de la opresión de la mujer musulmana.
El motivo del velo está presente en muchas culturas: la cara de Alá estaba cubierta por 70 000 velos de la luz y la oscuridad; la diosa Ishtar, para liberar a su amante del país de muertos, tuvo que descubrir siete cortinas; un velo protegió a Odiseo ante la ira de Poseidón; el velo sobre la cara llevaba también Moisés hablando con Dios...
Según la tradición, la cortina o el velo separa pues lo invisible de lo visible y material; la realidad divina no puede ser conocida por el hombre directamente, sino solamente por la mediación de estructuras materiales. Además parece que el velo es algo que transforma e influye la realidad material; libera de lo corporal, dando a quienes lo llevan, los rasgos de seres espirituales.
En nuestros tiempos nos resulta casi imposible verlo así, pero me parece que esa podía ser la impresión de los viajeros del siglo XIX que veían en las mujeres del Oriente unas personas misteriosas e impresionantes.
Gabriel Josipovici comparó la vida humana a quedarse en un tren con las cortinas corridas. Uno de los establecimientos del modernismo era apartar esas cortinas, para -aunque por un rato- hacer visible esto, que está fuera. Esta comparación implica pues la existencia de algo, que está entre la realidad visible y la invisible, separando ambos mundos, pero simultáneamente haciendo posible el contacto entre ellos. Esto tiene mucho que ver con la idea de dejar lo racional y empírico, para enfrentarse con lo irracional e intuitivo. Para los modernistas no bastaba ya la mera descripción de la realidad; apareció la necesidad de alcanzar al más allá, fuera del mundo accesible a los sentidos, la necesidad de la persecución detrás de lo invisible. Y eso encontró una manifestación en la fascinación de los viajeros modernos por las mujeres escondidas detrás del velo.
M.
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